Points for attention on the step-down operation of the chip capacitor circuit
Sometimes during the working process of the chip capacitor, some adjustment work will be done to the extra voltage that has been exceeded, in order to protect the circuit structure from being damaged, but often when making adjustments, it is necessary to pay attention to some points to avoid mistakes due to mistakes. cause the product to fail. The whole circuit is not only a chip capacitor, if there is an accident, it will be lost. Next, I will explain some of these points that need to be paid attention to.
First of all, the step-down of the capacitor requires an additional power supply to start. In fact, another AC power is introduced into the circuit, but a 1:1 voltage regulator should be used to ensure safety when debugging. Secondly, for the resistance of the circuit, since the loss of AC power is very small, it is better than the circuit of the resistance step-down, which saves a certain excess cost. Then, in the process of reducing the voltage of the chip capacitor, the internal resistance contained in it is still very resistant, so the current that can be accepted is very small. At this time, it is necessary to use a voltage regulator diode to ensure the output current. Stablize. The last step-down device used must ensure that the withstand voltage is more than 350V, and it must use a power supply that does not contain polar ports. If it does not work, it can be soaked in oil before use.
First of all, the step-down of the capacitor requires an additional power supply to start. In fact, another AC power is introduced into the circuit, but a 1:1 voltage regulator should be used to ensure safety when debugging. Secondly, for the resistance of the circuit, since the loss of AC power is very small, it is better than the circuit of the resistance step-down, which saves a certain excess cost. Then, in the process of reducing the voltage of the chip capacitor, the internal resistance contained in it is still very resistant, so the current that can be accepted is very small. At this time, it is necessary to use a voltage regulator diode to ensure the output current. Stablize. The last step-down device used must ensure that the withstand voltage is more than 350V, and it must use a power supply that does not contain polar ports. If it does not work, it can be soaked in oil before use.
The reason why the circuit adopts the parallel structure of double capacitors?
There is a special structural design in the circuit in which the electrical appliance works. This design uses the superposition principle to amplify its product efficacy by connecting two parts of the chip capacitors in parallel and series to achieve the effect of the load. In fact, in practical applications, many manufacturers also choose to use this mode to improve the efficiency of the working circuit. Next, I will analyze the reasons and benefits of doing so.
When two ordinary chip capacitors are connected in parallel, they can play a great role. The first is to improve the reliability of the circuit. Even if one SMD capacitor enters the pending state due to consumption, the other one can still continue to work, which greatly reduces the incidence of circuit failures. The same is true for filtering, resonance, and frequency modulation. The second is to reduce the leakage of the total capacitance. Generally, the large-capacity capacitors used are larger than the leakage consumption of two parallel small capacitors, so they must be strictly controlled. Then the most important thing is to improve the overall capacity. A single capacitor usually has insufficient or overflow phenomenon, and parallel connection can solve this problem very well. The last point is to reduce the cost and overall volume. A single large-capacity capacitor is relatively expensive in the market, and the volume will be large, which is not conducive to controlling space and cost. Parallel connection is basically an all-round improvement for the circuit from multiple perspectives.
When two ordinary chip capacitors are connected in parallel, they can play a great role. The first is to improve the reliability of the circuit. Even if one SMD capacitor enters the pending state due to consumption, the other one can still continue to work, which greatly reduces the incidence of circuit failures. The same is true for filtering, resonance, and frequency modulation. The second is to reduce the leakage of the total capacitance. Generally, the large-capacity capacitors used are larger than the leakage consumption of two parallel small capacitors, so they must be strictly controlled. Then the most important thing is to improve the overall capacity. A single capacitor usually has insufficient or overflow phenomenon, and parallel connection can solve this problem very well. The last point is to reduce the cost and overall volume. A single large-capacity capacitor is relatively expensive in the market, and the volume will be large, which is not conducive to controlling space and cost. Parallel connection is basically an all-round improvement for the circuit from multiple perspectives.
Analysis of the role of oxide film inside the chip capacitor
To talk about the chemical phenomenon that can be seen everywhere in daily life, it should be oxidation. Whether it is the oxidation of metal elements or the expiration of daily food, the principle is the same. In the electronic components industry, oxidation has become an accessory material attached to the surface of the chip capacitor in order to protect the product dielectric. There are many details about this piece that need to be understood clearly, so the following is the internal structure and The principle is used to make a simple analysis.
Because the internal structure of the chip capacitor is separated by metal foil, the positive and negative plates are separated, so when the negative pin is connected to a high-level power supply and the positive electrode is connected to a low-level power supply, the oxide film on the surface is in a power state. It will increase the voltage between the plates to a certain extent. At this time, the efficiency of the capacitor reaches its peak value, and the entire plate surface is in an efficient working state. However, in order to prevent overclocking load operation, a PN street is usually set inside to ensure that the current output from the outside of the oxide film is within a controllable range. At this time, after adding a reverse voltage, the product gradually returns to normal working state. Because of the polarity of the pins of the chip capacitor, the oxide film cannot be used in the AC circuit, otherwise there will be a half-cycle reverse polarity working condition, which will directly lead to damage to the product. It is time to determine the properties of the circuit current before using it.
Because the internal structure of the chip capacitor is separated by metal foil, the positive and negative plates are separated, so when the negative pin is connected to a high-level power supply and the positive electrode is connected to a low-level power supply, the oxide film on the surface is in a power state. It will increase the voltage between the plates to a certain extent. At this time, the efficiency of the capacitor reaches its peak value, and the entire plate surface is in an efficient working state. However, in order to prevent overclocking load operation, a PN street is usually set inside to ensure that the current output from the outside of the oxide film is within a controllable range. At this time, after adding a reverse voltage, the product gradually returns to normal working state. Because of the polarity of the pins of the chip capacitor, the oxide film cannot be used in the AC circuit, otherwise there will be a half-cycle reverse polarity working condition, which will directly lead to damage to the product. It is time to determine the properties of the circuit current before using it.
Pin structure and link method of Samsung chip capacitors
Most of the chip capacitors of major foreign manufacturers will make some different changes in the structure near the pins, in order to allow the product to be used on the circuit board more freely. The overall structure and connection method are different than before. , these external factors are often the most easily ignored in practical applications, so let's take the Samsung brand chip capacitor as an example to analyze the structure and connection method.
This type of chip capacitor is commonly used in a multi-pin high-frequency composite structure, in which there are two positive pins and two negative pins, which respectively lead to the positive and negative poles. In the upper and lower layers of the metal foil, an additional Group positive and negative pins, this is the main mechanism, the overall actual effect is presented in a way of opposing side by side, the advantage of this is that the chip capacitor has one more choice and a contact port to improve the capacitance. The specific connection method is to connect a stable power output voltage port from the positive pin of the four-terminal pins of the chip capacitor, pass through the metal foil, and then introduce it from the positive pin of another section to the load, and from the load The returned current flows from the negative pin on the side, passes through the negative metal foil below, and then flows into the load port from the negative port. This is the connection method for cyclic operation, which can give full play to the product effect of the chip capacitor and improve the actual circuit performance. Power is applied, operation is maximized, and the performance of the product is released.
This type of chip capacitor is commonly used in a multi-pin high-frequency composite structure, in which there are two positive pins and two negative pins, which respectively lead to the positive and negative poles. In the upper and lower layers of the metal foil, an additional Group positive and negative pins, this is the main mechanism, the overall actual effect is presented in a way of opposing side by side, the advantage of this is that the chip capacitor has one more choice and a contact port to improve the capacitance. The specific connection method is to connect a stable power output voltage port from the positive pin of the four-terminal pins of the chip capacitor, pass through the metal foil, and then introduce it from the positive pin of another section to the load, and from the load The returned current flows from the negative pin on the side, passes through the negative metal foil below, and then flows into the load port from the negative port. This is the connection method for cyclic operation, which can give full play to the product effect of the chip capacitor and improve the actual circuit performance. Power is applied, operation is maximized, and the performance of the product is released.
Explanation of the basic structure and main parameters of common capacitors
The structure of capacitors commonly used in the market is very simple. Basically, as long as the two plates are insulated, they can be put into use. The same is true for distinction. As long as the two plates are connected, it is not a capacitor. This can help Lightning, everyone. In fact, from the perspective of the parameter model, the circuit symbol of the capacitor also identifies this point. As shown in the figure below, the gray area between the two balance lines is the insulating material.
The internal result of the product is mainly the upper and lower plates. It is only necessary to lead out a pin at the two-pole port. The popular one is the electrical port, so this forms the most basic capacitor structure. So what is the sacredness of capacitance, and can it be the only criterion for judging the quality of capacitors? The capacity is actually the amount of electricity represented by the potential difference between the two polar plates. Physically, it is a static charge storage medium. To make an analogy, a capacitor is like a bucket, and the water stored in it is the potential difference capacity. It can store charge. In the absence of a discharge circuit, there is no need to consider the dielectric leakage effect, so this capacitor is a high-quality product and the target result required by end customers.
The internal result of the product is mainly the upper and lower plates. It is only necessary to lead out a pin at the two-pole port. The popular one is the electrical port, so this forms the most basic capacitor structure. So what is the sacredness of capacitance, and can it be the only criterion for judging the quality of capacitors? The capacity is actually the amount of electricity represented by the potential difference between the two polar plates. Physically, it is a static charge storage medium. To make an analogy, a capacitor is like a bucket, and the water stored in it is the potential difference capacity. It can store charge. In the absence of a discharge circuit, there is no need to consider the dielectric leakage effect, so this capacitor is a high-quality product and the target result required by end customers.
Product efficacy of low value chip resistors in circuits
I believe you all know that resistors provide resistance in the circuit, but there are also many low-resistance chip resistors. Although this theoretically zero resistance is not as good as high-resistance products, there must be The reason for its existence, as I said before, is not widely applicable products are specialized in some special functions of the circuit environment, so next I will take you to understand this low-value patch that is different from normal cognition. Resistor.
According to the data and the observed effect, this kind of resistance is mainly manifested in the following four aspects in the application of the circuit: ①The demand of the PCBA board surface. If there is really no space for layout when wiring on the PCB board, then a low-value resistor can be used to cross it to form a new parallel state. ②The second is to reserve the current measurement port. Because the measurement circuit needs to disconnect the copper material in the circuit, at this time, you can reserve a measurement port before the test, then connect the zero-ohm resistance, remove it when you are about to test, and connect it to the ammeter to test Just do it. ③Connect the ground wires with different properties. When there is an interfering signal between the digital wire and the analog ground wire, it needs to be a link bridge by installing a low value resistor in the middle. ④The key is to act as an overcurrent fuse resistor in the circuit. Although it is theoretically zero ohms, there is still a small resistance in practice, so when the current reaches a certain level, the product will fuse and play an overcurrent fuse. effect.
According to the data and the observed effect, this kind of resistance is mainly manifested in the following four aspects in the application of the circuit: ①The demand of the PCBA board surface. If there is really no space for layout when wiring on the PCB board, then a low-value resistor can be used to cross it to form a new parallel state. ②The second is to reserve the current measurement port. Because the measurement circuit needs to disconnect the copper material in the circuit, at this time, you can reserve a measurement port before the test, then connect the zero-ohm resistance, remove it when you are about to test, and connect it to the ammeter to test Just do it. ③Connect the ground wires with different properties. When there is an interfering signal between the digital wire and the analog ground wire, it needs to be a link bridge by installing a low value resistor in the middle. ④The key is to act as an overcurrent fuse resistor in the circuit. Although it is theoretically zero ohms, there is still a small resistance in practice, so when the current reaches a certain level, the product will fuse and play an overcurrent fuse. effect.
What is the tolerance value range of different types of chip capacitors?
In fact, many times before, in the information on different types of chip capacitors, the tolerance value of their products has been mentioned. This value represents the acceptable pressure range and failure range of the chip capacitor in the circuit application process. It involves the pressure resistance value and impedance value, so the calculation and test need to be determined repeatedly by the analogy method. For the convenience of everyone, I will summarize and classify the tolerances of the basic series of capacitors currently on the market. I hope Can help readers, not much to say, let's start directly.
Because we are also the agent of many brands of capacitors, we will summarize them by large and small brands and different types of capacitors. The first is Samsung's chip capacitors. As a common conventional capacitor series, the acceptable tolerance value of this product is between 4-9. Others such as AVX brand tantalum capacitors are different. The acceptable range of this polymer molecular capacitor is between 3-6. This requirement belongs to the threshold range on the market, and it is not higher or lower than this. . Next is the electrolytic capacitor of SUNCON. Because its material is a dielectric, it can be slightly looser, and the interval value is 5-10. And some other large and small brands of ceramic capacitors are the most common products on the market, which can allow error values between 3-12, belong to mass products, and generally meet the needs of actual work. It can be seen that the smaller the tolerance value, the better the product quality, but the limitations of the application are also large, so it is very important to judge and select according to your own needs instead of blindly pursuing high-quality capacitors.
Because we are also the agent of many brands of capacitors, we will summarize them by large and small brands and different types of capacitors. The first is Samsung's chip capacitors. As a common conventional capacitor series, the acceptable tolerance value of this product is between 4-9. Others such as AVX brand tantalum capacitors are different. The acceptable range of this polymer molecular capacitor is between 3-6. This requirement belongs to the threshold range on the market, and it is not higher or lower than this. . Next is the electrolytic capacitor of SUNCON. Because its material is a dielectric, it can be slightly looser, and the interval value is 5-10. And some other large and small brands of ceramic capacitors are the most common products on the market, which can allow error values between 3-12, belong to mass products, and generally meet the needs of actual work. It can be seen that the smaller the tolerance value, the better the product quality, but the limitations of the application are also large, so it is very important to judge and select according to your own needs instead of blindly pursuing high-quality capacitors.
